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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

An uphill battle toward pluripotency.

Thomas Graf

    Nature Genetics
    |August 28, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is a key area of research. A new study reveals that progenitor cells are more easily reprogrammed than differentiated cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Stem cell biology
    • Cellular reprogramming
    • Hematopoiesis

    Background:

    • The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has revolutionized cell fate studies.
    • Transcription factor cocktails can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
    • Understanding the factors influencing reprogramming efficiency is crucial.

    Discussion:

    • This study investigated the reprogramming susceptibility of different hematopoietic cell types.
    • Progenitor cells demonstrated higher susceptibility to reprogramming compared to differentiated cells.
    • This finding offers insights into the plasticity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

    Key Insights:

    • Hematopoietic progenitor cells are significantly more receptive to reprogramming than their differentiated counterparts.

    More Related Videos

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
    08:01

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

    Published on: August 29, 2020

    Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
    07:08

    Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

    Published on: February 2, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
    09:34

    Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

    Published on: November 27, 2017

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
    08:01

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

    Published on: August 29, 2020

    Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
    07:08

    Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

    Published on: February 2, 2024

  • Cellular maturity and differentiation state play a critical role in reprogramming efficiency.
  • This highlights the potential for targeted reprogramming strategies in regenerative medicine.
  • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific molecular mechanisms underlying differential reprogramming susceptibility.
    • These findings may pave the way for more efficient generation of patient-specific iPS cells from accessible cell sources.
    • Investigating progenitor cell reprogramming could advance therapies for hematological disorders.