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Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Epigenetic Regulation

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X-chromosome...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Epigenetics: definition, mechanisms and clinical perspective.

Cathérine Dupont¹, D Randall Armant, Carol A Brenner

¹Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

|August 28, 2009

Summary

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may impact epigenetic reprogramming crucial for healthy development. While concerns exist, definitive proof of ART-induced epigenetic abnormalities in humans remains elusive.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Epigenetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Epigenetic modifications are vital for healthy development, particularly during germ cell and early embryonic stages.
Disturbances in these critical periods, as seen in large offspring syndrome in livestock, can alter epigenetic reprogramming.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures encompass multiple stages that could potentially affect the epigenetics of in vitro-produced individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential impact of human assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the epigenetic state of individuals conceived in vitro.
To explore the controversy surrounding alleged increases in epigenetic abnormalities in ART-conceived children.

Main Methods:

This study is a review and hypothesis-generating analysis of existing literature on ART and epigenetics.
It synthesizes findings from animal models and human studies concerning epigenetic reprogramming and ART procedures.

Main Results:

While animal models suggest ART can disrupt epigenetic reprogramming, leading to conditions like large offspring syndrome, definitive evidence in humans is lacking.
Conflicting reports exist regarding the incidence of epigenetic abnormalities in children conceived via ART.
Several hypotheses are proposed to explain the current lack of irrefutable evidence for ART-induced epigenetic alterations in humans.

Conclusions:

ART procedures, from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer, theoretically pose a risk to epigenetic reprogramming.
Further research is needed to conclusively determine the extent and nature of epigenetic changes, if any, in individuals conceived through ART.
The complexity of epigenetic regulation and potential compensatory mechanisms may contribute to the current ambiguity in findings.