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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Small-signal gain generated by two pump waves in a nonlinear medium.

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Spatial arrays generated by two signal waves and one pump wave.

C V Heer

    Optics Letters
    |August 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Two signal waves and a pump wave create 2D gratings in nonlinear media. Higher-order nonlinear polarization terms enable precise control over signal wave phases for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Materials science
    • Wave phenomena

    Background:

    • Nonlinear optical effects are crucial for manipulating light.
    • The electric polarization of a medium dictates its optical response.
    • Formation of gratings is a key phenomenon in optical systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the formation of two-dimensional gratings.
    • To explore the role of higher-order nonlinear polarization terms.
    • To demonstrate phase control of signal waves.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing two signal waves and a pump wave.
    • Modeling nonlinear optical interactions using |E|(2n) and |E|(4) terms in electric polarization.
    • Analyzing the formation of two-dimensional gratings.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully formed two-dimensional gratings through the interaction of signal and pump waves.
    • |E|(2n) terms were identified as the mechanism for grating formation.
    • |E|(4) terms demonstrated the ability to add and subtract signal wave phases.

    Conclusions:

    • Two-dimensional gratings can be generated in nonlinear media.
    • Higher-order nonlinear polarization terms offer precise control over optical wave phases.
    • This research provides a foundation for advanced optical devices and signal processing.