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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

FM spectroscopy detection of stimulated Raman gain.

M D Levenson, W E Moerner, D E Horne

    Optics Letters
    |August 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers utilized frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy to detect stimulated Raman gain in deuterium. This marks the first demonstration of quantum-noise-limited performance for this advanced spectroscopic technique.

    Area of Science:

    • Atomic and Molecular Physics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for probing molecular vibrations.
    • Achieving quantum-noise-limited detection is crucial for maximizing sensitivity in spectroscopic measurements.
    • Deuterium is a fundamental molecule with important applications in various scientific fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the detection of stimulated Raman gain in deuterium using FM spectroscopy.
    • To experimentally verify the quantum-noise-limited performance of FM spectroscopy for this application.

    Main Methods:

    • Frequency Modulation (FM) spectroscopy was employed to probe the stimulated Raman gain.
    • Measurements were performed on deuterium gas to observe the Raman transitions.

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    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

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    09:57

    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems
    09:57

    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

    Published on: February 10, 2020

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
    06:48

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
    09:57

    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2022

  • Data analysis focused on assessing the signal-to-noise ratio relative to fundamental quantum limits.

    • Main Results:

    • The stimulated Raman gain effect in deuterium was successfully detected using FM spectroscopy.
    • The study provides the first reported evidence of quantum-noise-limited performance for this technique in this context.
    • The achieved sensitivity surpasses previous limitations in Raman spectroscopy.

    Conclusions:

    • FM spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detecting stimulated Raman gain with unprecedented sensitivity.
    • The quantum-noise-limited performance demonstrated opens new avenues for high-precision molecular spectroscopy.
    • This technique has significant potential for applications requiring sensitive detection of molecular species.