Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

Pulsed frequency-modulation spectroscopy at 3302 A

N H Tran, R Kachru, T F Gallagher

    Optics Letters
    |August 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates frequency-modulation spectroscopy outside the visible spectrum using a frequency-modulated ultraviolet beam. This technique successfully observed sodium (Na) absorption at 3302 angstroms.

    More Related Videos

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization08:22

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

    Published on: August 6, 2018

    A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks10:13

    A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

    Published on: April 28, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

    A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
    UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

    UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

    In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

    IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

    When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
    Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
    Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

    Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

    Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
    Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

    Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
    IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

    IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

    A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
    According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...