Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

14:05
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
[Norms for the Mottier-Test from 4- to 6-year old children]
1Phoniatrisch/Pädaudiologische Psychologie an der Abt. Medizinische Psychologie u. Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Waldweg 37, 37073 Göttingen. ckiese@med.uni-goettingen.de
HNO
|August 29, 2009
Summary
This study updated the Mottier Test reference values for German children aged 4-6, finding that older children performed better on non-word repetition tasks. The updated norms improve diagnostic accuracy for phonological processing in young children.
Area of Science:
- Linguistics
- Developmental Psychology
- Speech-Language Pathology
Context:
- The Mottier Test, a measure of phonological processing via non-word repetition, lacked updated normative data for 4- to 6-year-old German children since 1981.
- Accurate diagnostic assessment relies on current reference values to evaluate individual performance.
Purpose:
- To update the normative data for the Mottier Test in German-speaking children aged 4-6 years.
- To provide current reference values for assessing phonological processing abilities.
Summary:
- Data from 308 children (ages 4-6) were collected in 2006.
- Results indicated no significant gender differences in non-word repetition, but performance significantly improved with age.
- Age-specific percentile ranks and T-scores were established, including finer distinctions for 5-year-olds based on age in months.
Impact:
- The updated normative data enhance the diagnostic accuracy for evaluating phonological processing in German-speaking children.
- Facilitates better identification of developmental delays or differences in speech sound development.
Related Concept Videos
Strength of Cement
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Mortar Properties
Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to the...
McNemar's Test
McNemar's Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference in proportions between two related groups when the outcome is binary (e.g., yes/no, success/failure). It is beneficial when we have paired data, such as pre-test/post-test designs, where the same subjects are measured under two different conditions. The test is named after the statistician Quinn McNemar, who introduced it in 1947. It is commonly used in situations where subjects are...

