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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

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The Bone Matrix

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...

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Direct and Indirect Culture Methods for Studying Biodegradable Implant Materials In Vitro
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Si complexes in calcium phosphate biomaterials.

P Gillespie1, Gang Wu, M Sayer

  • 1Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|August 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Silicon doping in calcium phosphate bioceramics creates specific silicon structures (Q(1)) that compensate for charge imbalances. This finding helps explain how silicon stabilizes alpha-tricalcium phosphate at lower temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Materials Characterization

Background:

  • Calcium phosphate bioceramics are crucial in bone regeneration.
  • Silicon doping enhances bioceramic properties but its mechanism is unclear.
  • Understanding silicon's role is key for advanced biomaterial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate silicon complexes in silicon-doped calcium phosphate bioceramics.
  • To identify the charge compensation mechanisms of silicon dopants.
  • To elucidate the structural role of silicon in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized (29)Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Analyzed three distinct silicon-doped calcium phosphate materials: multiphase Si-stabilized alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA), single-phase Si-HA, and single-phase Si-alpha-TCP.
  • Correlated NMR findings with phase evolution in silicon-stabilized bioceramics.

Main Results:

  • Silicon dopants consistently formed Q(1) structures across all studied materials.
  • Q(1) structures involve two silicate tetrahedra sharing an oxygen atom.
  • This structural arrangement creates an oxygen vacancy, compensating for the substitution of two silicon atoms for phosphorus atoms.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon dopants in calcium phosphate bioceramics adopt Q(1) structures.
  • Oxygen vacancies generated by Q(1) structures serve as the primary charge compensation mechanism.
  • This mechanism provides insight into the phase stabilization of alpha-TCP by silicon at lower sintering temperatures.