Xerostomia: prevalence, diagnosis, and management

Area of Science:

• Geriatric Medicine
• Oral Health
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Xerostomia, or dry mouth, and salivary gland hypofunction are prevalent conditions in the elderly.
• These conditions can significantly impact oral health, nutrition, and overall quality of life in geriatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in the geriatric population.
• To detail the common etiologies, clinical manifestations, and potential complications associated with these conditions.
• To discuss current and emerging management strategies for improving salivary gland function and alleviating xerostomia symptoms in older adults.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of common causes, clinical presentation, and complications of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.
• Summary of diagnostic approaches for salivary gland hypofunction.
• Discussion of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management options.

Main Results:

• Identified key causes including medications, systemic diseases, and radiation therapy.
• Described clinical signs such as difficulty swallowing, altered taste, and increased risk of dental caries.
• Highlighted complications including oral infections and nutritional deficiencies.
• Outlined management options ranging from salivary substitutes and stimulants to systemic therapies.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in the elderly requires a multifactorial approach.
• Addressing underlying causes and implementing tailored treatment plans can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
• Further research into novel therapeutic interventions is warranted for this growing patient population.