Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Agitated Saline Contrast Echocardiography in the diagnosis of right to left shunts: Guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography.

Echo research and practice·2026
Same author

Evaluation of contemporary echocardiography for the detection of cardiac sarcoidosis.

Echo research and practice·2026
Same author

The Heart Under Stress: What Happens When Both Ventricles Fail?

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

The Role of Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries: Two Tertiary Cardiac Centers' Experience.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Contemporary review of stress echocardiography workforce within the UK: an EVAREST/BSE NSTEP study.

Echo research and practice·2025
Same author

How to Perform Cardiac Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (cCEUS): Part II-Advanced Applications and Interpretation.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Pathological and physiological left ventricular hypertrophy: echocardiography for differentiation.

Rajesh K Chelliah1, Roxy Senior

  • 1Department of Cardiac Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex, Harrow, London HA1 3UJ, UK.

Future Cardiology
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Differentiating athlete's heart from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is crucial for athletes. This review explores echocardiographic methods to distinguish physiological left ventricular hypertrophy from pathological conditions, aiding accurate diagnosis and management.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Distinguishing athlete's heart (physiological left ventricular hypertrophy) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (pathological left ventricular hypertrophy) is challenging.
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, affecting 1 in 500.
  • The 'grey zone' (13-16 mm ventricular wall thickness) complicates echocardiographic differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review echocardiographic techniques for differentiating physiological left ventricular hypertrophy from pathological left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • To focus on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the primary pathological condition.
  • To discuss newer and emerging echocardiographic methods for improved diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on echocardiographic differentiation of cardiac conditions.
  • Analysis of echocardiographic findings in athletes and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Evaluation of advanced echocardiographic techniques for assessing left ventricular hypertrophy.

Main Results:

  • Echocardiography remains a key tool, but differentiation can be difficult, especially in the 'grey zone'.
  • Specific echocardiographic patterns can help distinguish between physiological and pathological hypertrophy.
  • Emerging techniques show promise for enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate differentiation between athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is vital for athlete well-being and career decisions.
  • Continued research into advanced echocardiographic techniques is necessary for improved diagnosis.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis impacts treatment, sports participation, and family screening.