Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Erythropoietin does not affect TNF and IL-6 production directly.

Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents·2013

Same author

DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling.

Mediators of inflammation·2010

Same author

Regulation of fibroblast migration by tenascin-C.

Biochemical Society transactions·2007

Same author

Is NF-kappaB a useful therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis?

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2002

Same author

NG2/HMPG modulation of human articular chondrocyte adhesion to type VI collagen is lost in osteoarthritis.

The Journal of pathology·2001

Same author

Audio presence intervention for decreasing agitation in people with dementia.

Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Targeting Toll-like receptors in autoimmunity.

K S Midwood¹, A M Piccinini, S Sacre

¹Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RY, UK.

Current Drug Targets

|September 1, 2009

Summary

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in immunity and autoimmune diseases. Research shows TLRs, sensing pathogens and tissue damage, contribute to chronic inflammation, offering therapeutic targets.

More Related Videos

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Autoimmune Diseases
Molecular Biology

Background:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system, initially identified as sensors of microbial pathogens.
Recent findings reveal TLRs also respond to endogenous ligands released during tissue damage, suggesting a role in inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence implicating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting TLR function for autoimmune and other inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature and data from animal models and human studies.
Analysis of research on the role of TLRs in innate immunity and their response to endogenous ligands.

Main Results:

Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supports a significant role for TLRs in the development of autoimmune diseases.
TLRs are implicated in chronic inflammatory conditions due to their dual role in sensing external pathogens and internal damage signals.

Conclusions:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal in autoimmunity, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Modulating TLR activity holds promise for treating autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer.