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Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

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Published on: March 12, 2016

Discordance between structure and function in glaucoma: Possible anatomical explanations.

Jerome Sherman¹, Samantha Slotnick, Juliana Boneta

¹State University of New York, New York, USA.

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)

|September 1, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Most glaucoma patients (88%) show agreement between structural damage and vision loss. Discordance may stem from testing limitations, highlighting the need for both structural and functional tests in glaucoma diagnosis.

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience

Background:

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by structural damage and functional vision loss.
Discordance between structural and functional measures can complicate glaucoma diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze glaucomatous eyes exhibiting discordance between structure and function.
To propose anatomical explanations for observed structure-function discordance in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

Fifty glaucomatous eyes were assessed for structure-function correlation using clinical disc assessment, GDx retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements, and Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA) Standard 24-2 visual fields.
Eyes were categorized into: (1) positive structure-function correlation, (2) structural abnormalities without functional deficits, and (3) functional abnormalities without structural deficits.
Statistical analysis involved comparing GDx nerve fiber indicator (NFI) with visual field mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD).

Main Results:

88% of eyes (44/50) demonstrated a positive structure-function correlation.
Five eyes showed structural abnormalities with no functional deficits, and one eye had functional deficits without structural abnormalities.
Scatter plots revealed positive correlations between NFI and MD (R²=0.465) and NFI and PSD (R²=0.322) in eyes with concordance.

Conclusions:

The majority of glaucoma cases exhibit concordance between structural and functional deficits.
Discordance can be attributed to limitations in visual field testing (sampling central axons) and GDx measurements (papillo-macular bundle).
Comprehensive glaucoma evaluation requires both structural and functional testing, with a recommendation for incorporating peripheral visual fields in future research.