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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
14:57

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

p53 responsive elements in human retrotransposons.

C R Harris1, A Dewan, A Zupnick

  • 1Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation, New Brunswick, NJ 08540, USA.

Oncogene
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The p53 protein binds to Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (L1s) DNA, increasing L1 mRNA expression. This interaction unexpectedly enhances genomic stability by amplifying protective p53-dependent processes.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
14:57

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
11:04

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level

Published on: May 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (L1s) are repetitive DNA elements that can alter the human genome via retrotransposition.
  • Cellular mechanisms like DNA methylation and DICER-dependent mRNA destruction suppress L1 protein expression to prevent genomic instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between p53 responsive elements and L1 elements in the human genome.
  • To elucidate the functional role of p53 binding sites within L1 elements on L1 mRNA expression and genomic stability.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis to detect p53 DNA binding sites within human L1 elements.
  • Experimental validation of functional p53 responsive elements within the L1 promoter.
  • Assessment of L1 mRNA expression levels following p53 binding.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of functional p53 responsive elements were identified within human L1 elements.
  • The p53 protein directly binds to a specific 15-nucleotide sequence in the L1 promoter, increasing L1 mRNA expression.
  • These p53 binding sites within L1 elements represent a recent evolutionary addition, appearing approximately 20 million years ago.

Conclusions:

  • The p53 protein engages with L1 elements, influencing their expression.
  • Contrary to expectations, p53-mediated L1 mRNA upregulation may enhance genomic stability by amplifying p53-dependent protective mechanisms.
  • This suggests a complex interplay between genome-altering L1 elements and the genome-protecting p53 protein.