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Related Concept Videos

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

Graphs of Polar Equations

The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
Polar Equations of Conics01:29

Polar Equations of Conics

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Polar Coordinates

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Fresnel relations for surface polaritons at interfaces.

G I Stegeman, N E Glass, A A Maradudin

    Optics Letters
    |September 1, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study calculates surface polariton interactions at dielectric interfaces. It quantifies how these surface waves convert into bulk waves of different polarizations upon transmission and reflection.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Surface polaritons are electromagnetic waves confined to interfaces.
    • Understanding their behavior at boundaries is crucial for optical device design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the transmission and reflection of surface polaritons at a dielectric interface.
    • To investigate the conversion efficiencies into bulk waves of s and p polarizations.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a normal mode analysis.
    • Calculated transmission and reflection coefficients.
    • Investigated conversion efficiencies.

    Main Results:

    • Quantified transmission and reflection coefficients for surface polaritons.

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    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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    Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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  • Determined the efficiencies of surface polariton conversion into transmitted and reflected bulk waves.
  • Analyzed conversion for both s and p polarizations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Normal mode analysis provides a framework for understanding surface polariton behavior at interfaces.
    • The study elucidates the mechanisms of energy transfer from surface waves to bulk waves.