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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

Differences in patient age distribution between influenza A subtypes.

Hossein Khiabanian1, Gregory M Farrell, Kirsten St George

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America. hossein@c2b2.columbia.edu

Plos One
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Seasonal influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 show distinct age distributions in symptomatic patients. H1N1 primarily affects younger individuals, while H3N2 impacts an older demographic.

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Published on: April 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Two influenza A virus subtypes, H3N2 and H1N1, have circulated seasonally since 1977.
  • Understanding age-specific disease distribution is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare the age distribution of symptomatic influenza A virus infections for H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes.
  • To investigate potential implications for risk assessment and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publicly available extensive influenza patient data.
  • Pooling of information across multiple geographical locations and seasons.
  • Statistical comparison of age demographics between H1N1 and H3N2 infected populations.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in age distribution were observed between H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes.
  • Symptomatic H1N1 influenza predominantly affects a younger population (median age 9 years) compared to H3N2 (median age 23 years).
  • These age spectra align with previous regional studies and evolutionary dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 exhibit distinct age-specific epidemiological patterns.
  • Findings are relevant for age-related risk assessments, epidemiological modeling, and age-specific vaccine design.
  • Emerging novel H1N1 strains may also predominantly affect younger populations.