Insulin-loaded microcapsules for in vivo delivery

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Insulin microencapsulation is challenging due to insulin's sensitivity to harsh processing conditions.
• Existing insulin delivery methods often require frequent administration and show limited long-term efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel method for preparing insulin-loaded microcapsules using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
• To evaluate the in vivo performance of these microcapsules in a type 1 diabetic rat model, focusing on sustained insulin release and glycemic control.

Main Methods:

• Insulin microcapsules were prepared using a monoaxial ultrasonic atomizer with PLGA solution.
• Insulin-loaded microcapsules and free insulin solution were administered to type 1 diabetic rats.
• Plasma insulin concentrations, blood glucose levels, and in vivo drug release were monitored.

Main Results:

• Insulin-loaded microcapsules maintained therapeutic plasma insulin concentrations for 30 days in diabetic rats.
• Microcapsules sustained blood glucose levels between 100-200 mg/dL for 55 days, unlike free insulin.
• In vivo imaging confirmed sustained release of encapsulated insulin, with minimal inflammation observed after initial injection.

Conclusions:

• The developed microencapsulation method provides a viable approach for sustained insulin delivery.
• Insulin-loaded microcapsules demonstrate potential to reduce the frequency of insulin administration and improve long-term glycemic management.
• This technology offers a promising alternative for managing type 1 diabetes.