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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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[Posterior cortical atrophy].

Didier Maillet1, Christine Moroni, Catherine Belin

  • 1UF mémoire et Maladie Neurodégénérative, Service de Neurologie, CHU Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny. didier.maillet@avc.aphp.fr

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement
|September 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting visual perception. Differentiating PCA from other conditions like Alzheimer's disease can be challenging due to overlapping cognitive symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative syndrome.
  • It presents with distinct visual perception deficits, impacting visuo-spatial processing or object recognition.
  • First described by Pick in 1902, PCA remains under-recognized.

Purpose:

  • To provide a synthetic review of posterior cortical atrophy.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in differentiating PCA from other neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To illustrate PCA through a clinical case presentation.

Summary:

  • Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is characterized by progressive focal atrophy and specific visual perception deficits.
  • While distinct from Alzheimer's disease, PCA shares cognitive features with Lewy body disease and corticobasal degeneration, complicating diagnosis.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on PCA, supported by a case study.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of a rare neurodegenerative syndrome.
  • Aids clinicians in accurate diagnosis and differentiation of PCA.
  • Contributes to the literature on visual perception deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.