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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Venous Thrombosis Assay in a Mouse Model of Cancer
Published on: January 5, 2024
Assessing risk of venous thromboembolism in the patient with cancer
Alok A Khorana1, Gregory C Connolly
1James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. alok_khorana@URMC.rochester.edu
Purpose:
Patients with cancer are increasingly at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Rates of VTE, however, vary markedly among patients with cancer.
Design:
This review focuses on recent data derived from population-based, hospital-based, and outpatient cohort studies of patients with cancer that have identified multiple clinical risk factors as well as candidate laboratory biomarkers predictive of VTE.
Results:
Clinical risk factors for cancer-associated VTE include primary tumor site, stage, initial period after diagnosis, presence and number of comorbidities, and treatment modalities including systemic chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and hospitalization. Candidate predictive biomarkers include elevated platelet or leukocyte counts, tissue factor, soluble P-selectin, and D-dimer. A recently validated risk model, incorporating some of these factors, can help differentiate patients at high or low risk for developing VTE while receiving chemotherapy.
Conclusion:
Identifying patients with cancer who are most at risk for VTE is essential to better target thromboprophylaxis, with the eventual goal of reducing the burden as well as the consequences of VTE for patients with cancer.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...