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Related Concept Videos

Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

Streptococcus adherence and colonization.

Angela H Nobbs1, Richard J Lamont, Howard F Jenkinson

  • 1Oral Microbiology Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|September 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Streptococci use surface proteins called adhesins for colonization and causing disease. Understanding these adhesins is key to developing new treatments for streptococcal infections.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
09:20

Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen
07:15

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen

Published on: March 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Streptococci colonize diverse human tissues, acting as commensals or pathogens causing various diseases.
  • Bacterial surface proteins, particularly adhesins, are crucial for streptococcal colonization and host interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of streptococcal surface proteins, specifically adhesins, in bacterial colonization and pathogenesis.
  • To highlight adhesins as potential targets for novel therapeutic and preventive strategies against streptococcal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and in vivo studies on streptococcal adhesins.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying adhesin function and cell wall anchoring.

Main Results:

  • Streptococcal adhesins mediate interactions with host components and other microbes, facilitating colonization.
  • Adhesins are anchored to the cell wall via mechanisms like the LPxTz motif or lipid modifications.
  • Many adhesins have demonstrated roles as colonization and virulence factors.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcal surface proteins, especially adhesins, are vital for host-bacterial interplay.
  • Targeting these adhesins offers a promising avenue for developing new strategies against streptococcal infections.