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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

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Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Published on: May 31, 2024

Pneumatosis intestinalis in ulcerative colitis.

Ayako Matsumoto¹, Hajime Isomoto, Saburo Shikuwa

¹Department of Internal Medicine, National Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

|September 2, 2009

Summary

Ulcerative colitis patients may develop pneumatosis intestinalis (PI). This case report shows successful treatment of PI in a patient with ulcerative colitis using leukocytapheresis, highlighting the need for individualized therapy.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

Published on: September 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Published on: May 31, 2024

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

Published on: September 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients face an increased risk of developing pneumatosis intestinalis (PI).
Corticosteroid therapy, commonly used for UC, is a potential contributing factor to PI development.

Observation:

A 50-year-old male patient with UC, treated with prednisolone, presented with cystic lesions in the ascending colon during follow-up colonoscopy.
Imaging studies, including endoscopic ultrasonography and CT, confirmed intramural air, indicative of PI.

Findings:

The patient received leukocytapheresis for PI, leading to successful treatment.
Remission of UC was maintained, and the pneumatic cysts showed resolution at follow-up colonoscopy.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of assessing the clinical significance of PI in individual patients.
Tailored therapeutic strategies are crucial for managing PI in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.