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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

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Published on: November 30, 2012

In-plane scattering in planar optical waveguides.

R A Modavis, D G Hall

|September 2, 2009

Summary

This study analyzes in-plane scattering in planar optical waveguides using a Green's function method. The findings apply to scattering from surface roughness or refractive index changes, calculating scattered power for off-axis detection.

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Waveguide Theory
Scattering Phenomena

Background:

Planar optical waveguides are crucial components in integrated optics.
In-plane scattering, caused by imperfections, degrades waveguide performance.
Understanding scattering mechanisms is vital for device optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a theoretical framework for analyzing in-plane scattering in planar optical waveguides.
To provide a method applicable to scattering from both surface roughness and refractive-index fluctuations.
To calculate scattered power for a specific case of surface roughness and off-axis detection.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Green's function technique to model the scattering problem.
Developed a general theory applicable to various scattering sources.

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Applied the theory to quantify scattering due to surface roughness.

Main Results:

A Green's function approach successfully models in-plane scattering in planar waveguides.
The derived theory is versatile, addressing scattering from surface imperfections and material variations.
Calculated the scattered optical power collected by an off-axis detector for surface roughness.

Conclusions:

The Green's function method provides a robust tool for analyzing optical waveguide scattering.
The study offers a quantitative understanding of how imperfections affect light propagation.
Results are valuable for designing and fabricating high-performance optical waveguides.