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Related Concept Videos

Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Open-source Toolkit: Benchtop Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array for Nerve Recording
07:50

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Published on: October 29, 2021

Compact capacitively coupled N(2) laser with a new electrode design.

H M Bastiaens, T Gerber, P J Peters

    Optics Letters
    |September 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nitrogen (N2) laser achieved 337 nm lasing using a compact capacitively coupled discharge. This compact device produced 8 microJ laser pulses with a 2.5 nsec pulse width.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Quantum Electronics
    • Laser Science

    Background:

    • Achieving efficient laser operation in molecular gases like nitrogen (N2) is crucial for various spectroscopic and industrial applications.
    • Compact and efficient discharge systems are desirable for portable and cost-effective laser sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate and characterize nitrogen (N2) laser generation at 337 nm.
    • To investigate the performance of a capacitively coupled discharge device for N2 lasing.

    Main Methods:

    • A capacitively coupled discharge device with a cylindrical discharge volume (50 mm length, 3 mm diameter) was utilized.
    • Cylindrical dielectric electrodes were employed to ensure a uniform electric field distribution.
    • Laser output parameters, including wavelength, pulse width, and energy, were measured.

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    Main Results:

    • Lasing in molecular nitrogen (N2) was successfully achieved at a wavelength of 337 nm.
    • Laser pulses with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.5 nanoseconds were generated.
    • A pulse energy of 8 microjoules was recorded for the N2 laser output.

    Conclusions:

    • The capacitively coupled discharge device is effective for generating N2 laser emission at 337 nm.
    • The compact design and uniform electric field contribute to efficient laser pulse generation.
    • This study validates a promising approach for developing compact molecular gas lasers.