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Integrated optical switches and gas sensors.

K Tiefenthaler, W Lukosz

|September 2, 2009

Summary

New integrated optics devices utilize grating structures for sensitive water vapor detection and optical switching. These devices require less than a monolayer of water for switching and can detect 1/100 of a monolayer, showcasing high sensitivity for gas sensing applications.

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Integrated optics offer miniaturized platforms for optical devices.
Grating structures are crucial for light manipulation in optical systems.
Surface interactions significantly influence optical properties of materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate novel switching and gas-sensing effects in integrated optics.
To investigate the use of grating couplers and Bragg reflectors for sensing applications.
To determine the theoretical sensitivity limits of these grating-based devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of planar SiO(2)-TiO(2) waveguides with 1200 lines/mm gratings.
Utilizing input/output grating couplers and Bragg reflectors.

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Analyzing changes in effective index of guided modes due to adsorbate interactions.

Main Results:

Observed optical switching triggered by water adsorption/desorption.
Demonstrated gas-sensing capabilities based on changes in effective index.
Achieved switching with sub-monolayer water quantities.
Sensed surface coverage variations as small as 1/100 of a water monolayer.

Conclusions:

Integrated optics with specific grating designs exhibit significant switching and gas-sensing potential.
The devices show extreme sensitivity to surface adsorbates, particularly water.
Theoretical limits confirm the high performance of these grating-based optical sensors and switches.