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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
10:37

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

Published on: January 16, 2015

Expression profiling identifies genes involved in emphysema severity.

Santiyagu M Savarimuthu Francis1, Jill E Larsen, Sandra J Pavey

  • 1Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. ss.francis@uqconnect.edu.au

Respiratory Research
|September 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified seven candidate genes linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emphysema severity. This study utilized gene expression profiling and validation to pinpoint key genetic determinants in lung tissue.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
10:37

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

Published on: January 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant global health burden.
  • Emphysema severity is a critical factor influencing patient outcomes and disease progression in COPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel genes associated with emphysema severity in patients with COPD.
  • To discover genetic markers that may serve as determinants of disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of lung tissue from 30 smokers with emphysema.
  • Differential gene expression analysis using gas transfer measurements.
  • Validation of candidate genes using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) and independent cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Identified 98 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.01), with 51 previously studied in emphysema.
  • Validated 11 genes significantly (p < 0.05) and confirmed altered expression in an independent cohort for eight genes.
  • Seven candidate genes (COL6A3, SERPINF1, ZNHIT6, NEDD4, CDKN2A, NRN1, GSTM3) showed significant differential expression (>1.3 fold) associated with emphysema severity.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression profiling successfully identified seven candidate genes potentially determining emphysema severity in COPD patients.
  • These findings provide a basis for further research into the genetic underpinnings of COPD progression.
  • The identified genes may offer future therapeutic targets or biomarkers for emphysema.