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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers
09:49

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Published on: October 23, 2018

Optically excited XeF* excimer laser in liquid argon.

M Shahidi, H Jara, H Pummer

    Optics Letters
    |September 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers observed stimulated emission from liquid XeF* at 404 nm, demonstrating a narrowed spectrum and gain saturation. This liquid-phase laser medium shows potential for efficient light generation.

    Area of Science:

    • Physical Chemistry
    • Laser Physics
    • Molecular Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Excimer molecules like Xenon Fluoride (XeF*) are known for their potential as laser gain media.
    • Investigating liquid-phase excimer systems offers unique advantages over gaseous counterparts, such as higher densities and potentially different spectral properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate stimulated emission from the Xenon Fluoride (XeF*) molecule in the liquid phase.
    • To characterize the spectral and temporal properties of the stimulated emission at 404 nm.
    • To explore the potential of liquid XeF* as a novel laser medium.

    Main Methods:

    • Transverse optical pumping of liquid XeF* at 351 nm.
    • Spectroscopic analysis of spontaneous and stimulated emission.

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  • Temporal profiling of the emission pulse using a fast detector.
  • Measurement of emission energy and pulse width (FWHM).

    • Main Results:

    • Stimulated emission was successfully observed on the B ? X band of liquid XeF* at 404 nm.
    • The emission energy was measured at approximately 70 microJoules with a pulse duration of ~5 nanoseconds.
    • A significant spectral narrowing was observed in the stimulated emission compared to spontaneous emission.
    • Gain saturation effects in the lasing medium were identified during temporal investigations.

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid-phase XeF* can function as an effective gain medium for stimulated emission.
    • The observed spectral narrowing and gain saturation indicate efficient laser operation.
    • This study highlights the potential of liquid excimers for developing new laser sources.