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$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...

Interference: Path Lengths

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...

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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Improved high-order ambiguity-function method for the estimation of phase from interferometric fringes.

Sai Siva Gorthi¹, Pramod Rastogi

¹Applied Computing and Mechanics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

|September 3, 2009

Summary

This study introduces an advanced fringe analysis method for interferometry. The new technique accurately estimates phase distribution efficiently, improving measurement precision in digital holographic interferometry.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

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Published on: January 28, 2019

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Area of Science:

Optical Metrology
Digital Image Processing

Background:

Interferometric measurements rely on accurate phase estimation from fringe patterns.
Existing fringe analysis methods face trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computationally efficient and accurate fringe analysis method.
To improve phase estimation in interferometric techniques, particularly digital holographic interferometry.

Main Methods:

Proposed an improved high-order ambiguity-function-based fringe analysis method.
Evaluated the method using simulations and experimental data in digital holographic interferometry.

Main Results:

The proposed method provides accurate and direct estimation of unwrapped phase distribution.
Demonstrated high computational efficiency compared to existing methods.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a significant advancement in fringe analysis for interferometry.
The technique shows strong potential for practical applications in digital holographic interferometry.