Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments01:28

Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments

Fimbriae and pili are specialized bacterial surface structures that play pivotal roles in adhesion, genetic exchange, and motility. Composed primarily of pilin protein, these hairlike appendages are crucial for bacterial survival and pathogenicity in various environments.Fimbriae: Adhesion and PathogenicityFimbriae are fine, filamentous structures measuring 2–10 nanometers in diameter and are densely distributed on the bacterial cell surface. They facilitate bacterial adhesion to abiotic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ongoing multi-country outbreak of carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> ST1344 carrying <i>bla</i> <sub>NDM-5</sub> in the European Union/European Economic Area, March 2025 to April 2026.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin·2026
Same author

Control of a hospital outbreak with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus argenteus in The Netherlands, June-September 2023.

Antimicrobial resistance and infection control·2026
Same author

Correction to: Nosocomial transmission of NDM‑1‑containing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a Dutch pediatric oncology center associated with patients from Ukraine.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Phylogenomics of an NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strain from Portugal reveals global clinical and environmental reservoirs.

The Journal of hospital infection·2026
Same author

Correction: Ambler class C-type β-lactamases and porin alterations in Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella aerogenes in the Netherlands, 2012-2023.

BMC microbiology·2026
Same author

Genetic traits of IncK2 plasmids and the <i>Escherichia coli</i> host underlying the association to the chicken gut.

Microbial genomics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

LPxTG surface proteins of enterococci.

Antoni P A Hendrickx1, Rob J L Willems, Marc J M Bonten

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ahendric@bsd.uchicago.edu

Trends in Microbiology
|September 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Enterococci surface proteins are key to hospital infections. This review details LPxTG proteins like aggregation substance and pili, explaining their role in host interactions and disease.

More Related Videos

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
10:24

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
10:47

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins

Published on: July 1, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
10:24

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
10:47

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins

Published on: July 1, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enterococci are significant causes of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Surface proteins are crucial for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium pathogenicity.
  • Understanding these proteins' in vivo functions is vital for combating enterococcal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of enterococcal LPxTG surface proteins.
  • To elucidate their interactions with host molecules.
  • To explain their roles in pathogenicity and biofilm development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on enterococcal LPxTG surface proteins.
  • Analysis of protein functions, host interactions, and pathogenicity.
  • Synthesis of information on aggregation substance, enterococcal surface protein, collagen-binding proteins (Ace, Acm, Scm), and pili (Ebp, PilA, PilB).

Main Results:

  • LPxTG surface proteins mediate crucial interactions with host molecules.
  • These proteins contribute significantly to enterococcal pathogenicity.
  • Enterococcal surface proteins play a key role in biofilm formation.

Conclusions:

  • LPxTG surface proteins are essential virulence factors for enterococci.
  • Targeting these proteins could offer novel strategies against nosocomial infections.
  • Further research into these proteins will enhance our understanding of enterococcal pathogenesis.