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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Thinking about HIV infection.

Evelyn P Simpkins¹, George K Siberry, Nancy Hutton

¹Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA.

Pediatrics in Review

|September 4, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Effective interventions significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission to less than 2%. Antiretroviral therapy improves quality of life and survival for HIV-infected children, while condoms prevent STI transmission.

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

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Published on: December 3, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Pediatric Health
Public Health

Background:

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant concern during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding.
Historically, MTCT rates in the United States ranged from 25% to 30%.

Observation:

Evidence-based interventions, including routine screening of pregnant women, antiretroviral therapy for maternal treatment or MTCT prevention, and avoidance of breastfeeding, have been implemented.
Triple-drug combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a cornerstone in managing HIV infection in children and adolescents.

Findings:

These interventions have successfully reduced HIV transmission rates from 25-30% to below 2% in the United States.
ART regimens, typically combining two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) with a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) or a Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI), effectively control HIV.
These treatments lead to increased CD4 counts and achieve virologic suppression, improving survival and quality of life.
Prevention of opportunistic infections through immunizations and chemoprophylaxis, guided by CD4 counts, further reduces morbidity and mortality.
Latex, polyurethane, or synthetic condoms are effective in decreasing the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including HIV.

Implications:

The success of these interventions highlights the critical role of comprehensive strategies in combating pediatric HIV.
Continued adherence to ART and preventative measures is essential for long-term health and well-being of HIV-infected children and adolescents.
Public health initiatives promoting screening, treatment, and safe sex practices remain vital in controlling the HIV epidemic.