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Acute reactions to coelenterates.

B Letot1, C Piérard-Franchimont, G E Piérard

  • 1Department of Dermatopathology, University of Liège, Belgium.

Dermatologica
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Coelenterate stings cause acute skin reactions, primarily toxic damage to keratinocytes. Some cases show unique epidermal disruption with IgG deposits, distinct from delayed reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Coelenterates, including sea anemones, possess nematocytes capable of causing skin injury in humans.
  • Understanding the pathological mechanisms of these injuries is crucial for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinico-pathological effects of coelenterate envenomation on human skin.
  • To differentiate acute toxic reactions from other potential responses to coelenterate contact.

Main Methods:

  • Clinico-pathological examinations of affected human skin.
  • In vitro studies using sea anemones and human skin models.

Main Results:

  • Acute reactions were predominantly toxic, leading to sublethal and lethal alterations in keratinocytes, including cytoplasmic swelling and pyknosis.

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  • One patient exhibited an acantholytic disruption of the epidermis with intercellular immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits.
  • These specific epidermal changes were distinct from late or recurrent coelenterate-induced reactions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Coelenterate stings induce acute toxic dermatological reactions.
    • A distinct pattern of epidermal disruption with IgG deposition can occur, differing from delayed reactions.