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Hydrogen-bonded zigzag chains in 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane (1/1)

Li-Li Wang1, Hong Chang, En-Cui Yang

  • 1College of Chemistry and Life Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|September 4, 2009
PubMed

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Stability of Conjugated Dienes

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π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Newman Projections

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The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
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Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

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