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Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (version 2)

Susan L Makris1, Howard M Solomon, Ruth Clark

  • 1Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460-0001, USA. makris.susan@epa.gov

Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)
|September 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This updated terminology for developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (rats, mice, rabbits) enhances descriptive terms for external, visceral, and skeletal observations in toxicity studies.

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...