Chapter 4: In vitro biofilm models: an overview.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biotechnology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Sessile microbial communities, known as biofilms, are ubiquitous and exhibit significant variety and complexity.
• Biofilms perform beneficial functions like nutrient cycling and bioremediation but also cause adverse effects such as industrial fouling, contamination, and infections.
• Understanding biofilm physiology and micro-ecology is crucial due to their widespread impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of commonly used in vitro biofilm models.
• To highlight how different models replicate environmental conditions or focus on specific variables.
• To discuss the utility of models like perfused biofilm fermenters for controlled biofilm studies.

Main Methods:

• Review of established in vitro biofilm models.
• Discussion of microtitre plate systems, flow cells, constant depth film fermenters, annular reactors, and perfused biofilm fermenters.
• Analysis of how these models simulate in situ conditions or controlled variables.

Main Results:

• Various biofilm models exist, each with strengths for studying different aspects of biofilm formation and behavior.
• Perfused biofilm fermenters allow control over growth rate in quasi steady-state biofilms.
• Other models offer representative insights into in situ conditions where steady states are less common.

Conclusions:

• In vitro biofilm models are essential tools for understanding biofilm physiology and micro-ecology.
• The choice of model depends on the specific research question, whether simulating natural conditions or controlling variables.
• Continued development and application of these models are vital for addressing both beneficial and detrimental aspects of biofilms.