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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis
07:24

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Published on: August 8, 2019

Real-time gait event detection using wearable sensors.

Michael Hanlon1, Ross Anderson

  • 1Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, School of Sports Studies, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland. M.hanlon@ulster.ac.uk

Gait & Posture
|September 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Footswitch sensors provide more accurate real-time gait event detection than accelerometers for functional electrical stimulation. While accelerometers are durable and low-cost, footswitch systems are currently recommended for precise initial contact detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Accurate real-time gait event detection is crucial for functional electrical stimulation and gait biofeedback applications.
  • Existing footswitch systems face durability challenges, necessitating the exploration of alternative sensor technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess novel gait event detection algorithms using footswitch and accelerometer sensors.
  • To compare the accuracy of footswitch and accelerometer-based algorithms for initial contact detection in ambulatory settings.

Main Methods:

  • 12 healthy individuals participated, wearing heel-mounted footswitches and foot/knee accelerometers.
  • Gait data were collected during normal, slow, and altered walking conditions.
  • Algorithms were developed using a subset of data and validated against forceplate data.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis
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Main Results:

  • The footswitch force threshold algorithm achieved the highest accuracy for initial contact detection (mean absolute error: 2.4 ± 2.1 ms).
  • The optimal accelerometer algorithm (using second derivative of foot acceleration) showed significantly lower accuracy (mean absolute error: 9.5 ± 9.0 ms).
  • Both algorithms demonstrated improved accuracy compared to previous research.

Conclusions:

  • Footswitch systems are currently superior to accelerometer systems for accurate initial contact detection.
  • Further research into accelerometer algorithms is warranted due to their durability and cost advantages.