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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Apoptosis in endometriosis.

Admir Agic1, Schima Djalali, Klaus Diedrich

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck, Germany.

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
|September 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Apoptosis, the natural removal of cells, is crucial for endometrial health. In endometriosis, altered apoptosis may lead to the disease by promoting cell survival.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Apoptosis is essential for maintaining endometrial homeostasis by removing aging cells.
  • Endometriosis involves endometrial tissue outside the uterus, potentially due to abnormal cell proliferation or reduced apoptosis.
  • Differences in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis may facilitate disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of apoptosis in endometrial function and endometriosis.
  • To summarize literature on apoptosis-related genes (e.g., Bcl-2, Fas) in endometriosis.
  • To examine alterations in apoptosis regulation in endometriosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of apoptosis and endometriosis.
  • Focus on molecular mechanisms of apoptosis.

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Published on: August 4, 2021

  • Analysis of gene expression related to apoptosis (Bcl-2, Fas).

    • Main Results:

    • Apoptosis is a key regulator of the menstrual cycle and endometrial health.
    • Decreased apoptosis or increased proliferation may contribute to endometriosis development.
    • Specific alterations in apoptosis regulation are observed in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with endometriosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Dysregulation of apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
    • Targeting apoptosis pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for endometriosis.
    • Further research into apoptosis-related genes is warranted for understanding endometriosis.