Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
A multicenter, randomized trial of noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen mixture in exacerbations of chronic
Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore1, Jean-Christophe M Richard, Fekri Abroug
1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Objective:
To assess the effect of a helium-oxygen mixture on intubation rate and clinical outcomes during noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Design:
Multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Setting:
Seven intensive care units.
Patients:
A total of 204 patients with known or suspected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute dyspnea, Paco2> 45 mm Hg and two among the following factors: pH <7.35, Paco2 <50 mm Hg, respiratory rate >25/min.
Interventions:
Noninvasive ventilation randomly applied with or without helium (inspired oxygen fraction 0.35) via a face mask.
Measurements And Main Results:
Duration and complications of NIV and mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation, discharge from intensive care unit and hospital, mortality at day 28, adverse and serious adverse events were recorded. Follow-up lasted until 28 days since enrollment. Intubation rate did not significantly differ between groups (24.5% vs. 30.4% with or without helium, p = .35). No difference was observed in terms of improvement of arterial blood gases, dyspnea, and respiratory rate between groups. Duration of noninvasive ventilation, length of stay, 28-day mortality, complications and adverse events were similar, although serious adverse events tended to be lower with helium (10.8% vs. 19.6%, p = .08).
Conclusions:
Despite small trends favoring helium, this study did not show a statistical superiority of using helium during NIV to decrease the intubation rate in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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