Photoinduced voltages and frequency shifts in a self-pumped phase-conjugating BaTiO(3) crystal

Photoinduced open-circuit pyroelectric and saturated photovoltaic fields of ~200 and ~10 V/cm, respectively, have been measured in a self-pumped phase-conjugating (PC) BaTiO(3) crystal. Saturated photovoltaic field, photoresistivity, and grating erasure measurements gave a value for the photoconductivity sigma(p)~10(-10)I and a dark conductivity sigma(d) = 1.5 x 10(-12) (Omega-cm)(-1). Frequency shifts of the PC beam of a few hertz were only observed when the emission was spontaneously pulsating and not in a steady state.