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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Millisecond Hydrogen/Deuterium-Exchange Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Alpha-Synuclein Structural Dynamics Under Physiological Conditions
08:40

Millisecond Hydrogen/Deuterium-Exchange Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Alpha-Synuclein Structural Dynamics Under Physiological Conditions

Published on: June 23, 2022

Dopamine-induced conformational changes in alpha-synuclein.

Tiago F Outeiro1, Jochen Klucken, Kathryn Bercury

  • 1MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Alzheimer Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America. touteiro@fm.ul.pt

Plos One
|September 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine directly alters alpha-synuclein conformation in neurons, a key factor in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. This finding offers new insights into dopaminergic neuron vulnerability.

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Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced α-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
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Utilizing Time-Resolved Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement to Identify Stable Local Conformations One α-Synuclein Monomer at a Time
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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Millisecond Hydrogen/Deuterium-Exchange Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Alpha-Synuclein Structural Dynamics Under Physiological Conditions
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Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced α-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
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Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced α-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

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Utilizing Time-Resolved Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement to Identify Stable Local Conformations One α-Synuclein Monomer at a Time
07:56

Utilizing Time-Resolved Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement to Identify Stable Local Conformations One α-Synuclein Monomer at a Time

Published on: May 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alpha-synuclein oligomerization and aggregation are central to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology.
  • Current detection methods for alpha-synuclein aggregation often rely on indirect, detergent-based extraction.
  • In vitro studies suggest dopamine influences alpha-synuclein aggregation, but direct neuronal effects remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly investigate the effect of dopamine on alpha-synuclein conformation within primary neuronal cultures.
  • To explore the role of dopamine transport in mediating these conformational changes.
  • To elucidate the relationship between dopamine-induced conformational changes and alpha-synuclein aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to visualize alpha-synuclein conformations in situ.
  • Studied alpha-synuclein in primary neuronal cultures and neuronal cell lines.
  • Investigated the impact of dopamine and dopamine transport inhibition on alpha-synuclein.

Main Results:

  • Observed diverse alpha-synuclein conformations in primary neurons using FLIM.
  • Dopamine, but not its agonists, induced significant conformational changes in alpha-synuclein.
  • These dopamine-induced changes were preventable by blocking dopamine uptake and were linked to altered oligomeric/aggregated species.

Conclusions:

  • Provides the first direct evidence of dopamine's effect on alpha-synuclein conformation within neurons.
  • Suggests a potential mechanism contributing to the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
  • Highlights the importance of dopamine's direct interaction with alpha-synuclein in PD pathogenesis.