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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes
10:19

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes

Published on: June 15, 2017

Overview: generation of gene knockout mice.

Bradford Hall1, Advait Limaye, Ashok B Kulkarni

  • 1Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Cell Biology
|September 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gene targeting enables precise genetic mutation introduction in mice using homologous recombination and embryonic stem cells. This method creates genetically engineered mouse models for research.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes
10:19

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Published on: June 15, 2017

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice
06:46

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Published on: August 26, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Gene targeting is a powerful technique for creating genetically modified organisms.
  • The development of mouse models with targeted mutations relies on key biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the process of generating mouse models with targeted genetic mutations.
  • To highlight the essential role of homologous recombination and embryonic stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing homologous recombination, a natural DNA repair mechanism.
  • Employing murine embryonic stem cells (ES cells) for genetic modification.
  • Introducing engineered mutations via electroporation of targeting constructs into ES cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of chimeric mice from targeted ES cells.
  • Production of whole mice carrying specific targeted mutations.
  • Demonstration of ES cell totipotency and differentiation capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The construction of efficient targeting vectors is crucial for generating mouse models with desired mutations.
  • Gene targeting in mice provides a valuable tool for studying gene function and disease.