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Related Experiment Videos

Central cholinergic stimulation affects ocular functions through sympathetic pathways.

J H Liu1, A C Dacus

  • 1Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation, Boston, MA 02114.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Central cholinergic stimulation via intracerebroventricular carbachol increases pupil size and intraocular pressure in rabbits. This effect involves sympathetic nerves and circulating catecholamines, with beta-adrenergic mechanisms playing a role in elevated intraocular pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cholinergic stimulation can influence autonomic functions.
  • The central nervous system's role in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size is complex.
  • Understanding the pathways involved in carbachol-induced ocular changes is crucial for ophthalmological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of central cholinergic stimulation on pupil size and intraocular pressure (IOP) in conscious rabbits.
  • To elucidate the efferent pathways and mechanisms underlying carbachol-induced mydriasis and IOP elevation.
  • To explore the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and circulating catecholamines in these responses.

Main Methods:

  • Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of carbachol into conscious rabbits.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Administration of antagonists like atropine and hexamethonium ICV.
  • Transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk.
  • Measurement of pupil diameter and intraocular pressure.
  • Assay of plasma epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) levels.
  • Topical application of timolol.

    • Main Results:

    • ICV carbachol caused dose-dependent mydriasis and increased IOP.
    • Mydriasis was abolished by ICV atropine and sympathetic trunk transection.
    • IOP elevation was reduced by ICV atropine and hexamethonium, and in decentralized eyes.
    • Plasma Epi and NE levels increased post-carbachol injection.
    • Topical timolol significantly reduced IOP elevation.

    Conclusions:

    • Central cholinergic stimulation induces mydriasis via the cervical sympathetic nerve.
    • Elevated IOP is mediated by ocular sympathetic nerves and increased circulating catecholamines.
    • An ocular beta-adrenergic mechanism contributes to the carbachol-induced IOP elevation.