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Developments in pertussis immunisation in Japan
1Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Insights
Japan
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Acellular pertussis vaccines have been used in Japan since 1981.
- Whole-cell pertussis vaccines were previously used.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of acellular pertussis vaccine introduction in Japan.
- To compare adverse reaction rates between acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Observational study comparing pertussis incidence and mortality before and after vaccine switch.
- Retrospective comparison of adverse event data for whole-cell (1973-74) and acellular (1979-80) vaccines.
Main Results:
- A steady decline in pertussis cases and deaths observed since 1979.
- Acellular pertussis vaccine showed lower rates of fever and local reactions compared to whole-cell vaccine.
Conclusions:
- The introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan has been associated with reduced pertussis incidence and mortality.
- Acellular pertussis vaccine demonstrates an improved safety profile with fewer adverse reactions.
Abstract:
In Japan acellular pertussis vaccine has totally replaced whole-cell vaccine since 1981. The vaccine is given in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to children aged 24-48 months; three doses are given with intervals of 3-8 weeks and the fourth dose (booster) is given 12-18 months after the third. There has been a steady decline in cases of pertussis and deaths from the disease since 1979. Comparison of the rates of adverse reactions to whole-cell vaccine in 1973-74 and to acellular vaccine in 1979-80 showed lower rates of fever and of local reactions with the acellular vaccine.