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Emergency presentation and management of acute severe asthma in children

Knut Øymar1, Thomas Halvorsen

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. oykn@sus.no

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
|September 8, 2009
PubMed

Insights

This article summarizes acute severe asthma in children, a common emergency. Key treatments include oxygen, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids, with advanced options for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute severe asthma is a frequent pediatric medical emergency.
  • Physicians frequently encounter this condition in acutely ill children.
  • Understanding pathophysiology and treatment guidelines is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathophysiology of acute severe asthma in children.
  • To provide guidelines for the treatment of acute severe asthma in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Summary of established and advanced treatment modalities.
  • Emphasis on algorithmic approaches to management.

Main Results:

  • Cornerstones of management: oxygen, inhaled bronchodilators (e.g., selective b2-agonists, adrenaline, anticholinergics), and systemic corticosteroids.
  • Additional treatments: intravenous theophylline, b2-agonists, and magnesium sulfate.
  • Ventilatory support (non-invasive and invasive) as a rescue option.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires prompt administration of foundational therapies.
  • Advanced and ventilatory support are critical when initial treatments fail.
  • Development and implementation of adaptable treatment algorithms are essential for all care levels.

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