Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Forces released by nonconventional bracket or ligature systems during alignment of buccally displaced teeth
Lorenzo Franchi1, Tiziano Baccetti, Matteo Camporesi
1Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. lorenzo.franchi@unifi.it
Introduction:
The aim of this study was to analyze the forces released by 4 types of passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets and 2 nonconventional elastomeric ligature bracket systems compared with conventional elastomeric ligatures on stainless steel brackets during the alignment of buccally displaced teeth.
Methods:
A model consisting of 5 brackets (from second premolar through central incisor) was used to assess the forces released by the 7 bracket-ligature systems with 0.012- or 0.014-in superelastic wires with various amounts of buccal canine displacement (1.5-6.0 mm). The comparisons between the different types of bracket-wire-ligature systems were performed with 3-way ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test (P <0.05).
Results:
For buccal misalignments of 1.5 and 3.0 mm, both low-friction and conventional systems released forces for bracket alignment ranging from about 30 to 160 g. For greater buccal displacements (4.5 and 6.0 mm), the low-friction systems produced a significant magnitude of force, but it dropped to 0 g for the conventional system.
Conclusions:
Nonconventional elastomeric ligature bracket systems produced levels of force for tooth movement that were similar to those generated by passive self-ligating brackets.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Machines: Problem Solving I
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...
Stability of structures
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Unsymmetric Bending

