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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Qinning Wang1, Barbara J Chang, Thomas V Riley

  • 1Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.

Veterinary Microbiology
|September 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes various diseases in animals and humans, including swine erysipelas and erysipeloid. Proper animal husbandry and sanitation are key to controlling its spread and preventing infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus recognized as a human pathogen since the late 19th century.
  • It causes localized cutaneous lesions (eryspeloid), generalized cutaneous disease, and septicemic forms, often linked to endocarditis.
  • The bacterium is ubiquitous in the environment and affects a wide range of animals, with swine erysipelas being economically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections.
  • To highlight the occupational risks and under-diagnosis challenges associated with human infections.
  • To discuss virulence factors and recommend control strategies for animal and human health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections in humans and animals.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical case reports.
  • Examination of proposed virulence factors and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

  • Erysipeloid is the most common human infection, primarily acquired through occupational exposure to infected animals or contaminated environments.
  • Swine erysipelas is the most prevalent and economically impactful disease in animals.
  • Neuraminidase is identified as a significant factor in bacterial attachment and invasion, while the role of hyaluronidase is debated.

Conclusions:

  • Despite potential declines in incidence due to improved animal industry practices, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae remains a relevant pathogen.
  • Under-diagnosis is a concern due to symptom overlap with other infections and isolation difficulties.
  • Effective control relies on robust animal husbandry, sanitation, and potentially immunization programs.