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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
04:27

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Published on: May 9, 2025

Subscapularis lengthening in shoulder arthroplasty.

Gregory P Nicholson1, Stacy Twigg, Brice Blatz

  • 1Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|September 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Subscapularis lengthening in shoulder arthroplasty significantly improves external rotation. This technique restores anatomic length and may enhance healing for patients with internal rotation contracture.

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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Published on: July 5, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
04:27

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Published on: May 9, 2025

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Shoulder Arthroplasty
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Limited external rotation is a common challenge in shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Subscapularis (SSC) muscle contracture can restrict range of motion.
  • Restoring proper muscle length-tension relationships is crucial for functional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the surgical technique for coronal subscapularis lengthening.
  • To evaluate the functional outcomes of subscapularis lengthening in shoulder arthroplasty.
  • To assess the impact on passive external rotation and belly press strength.

Main Methods:

  • Coronal subscapularis lengthening performed when preoperative passive external rotation is <20 degrees.
  • Utilizes the interval between the anterior shoulder capsule and subscapularis for length titration.
  • Postoperative assessment included passive external rotation and belly press grading.

Main Results:

  • Average preoperative passive external rotation improved from -2 degrees to 48 degrees.
  • Belly press test results showed 13 patients with normal, 12 with mild, and 2 with poor function.
  • The procedure allowed for restoration of anatomic subscapularis length.

Conclusions:

  • Subscapularis lengthening provides ample surface area for tendon healing and restores anatomic length.
  • This technique may preserve the subscapularis muscle's length-tension relationship in arthroplasty patients with internal rotation contracture.
  • Improved external rotation and functional outcomes are observed post-procedure.