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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...

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Related Experiment Video

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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

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Published on: May 10, 2018

Translational control by RGS2.

Chau H Nguyen1, Hong Ming, Peishen Zhao

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|September 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) protein uniquely inhibits messenger RNA (mRNA) translation by binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B epsilon (eIF2Bepsilon). This novel function in protein synthesis is separate from RGS2

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Published on: May 10, 2018

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation
09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are known GTPase-accelerating proteins.
  • The specific functions of many RGS proteins beyond G protein signaling remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel functions of RGS2.
  • To determine if RGS2 plays a role in protein synthesis regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated RGS2's interaction with components of the protein synthesis machinery.
  • Assessed the impact of RGS2 on messenger RNA (mRNA) translation.
  • Mapped the functional domain of RGS2 responsible for the observed effect.

Main Results:

  • RGS2 directly binds to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B epsilon (eIF2Bepsilon).
  • RGS2 inhibits mRNA translation, a function not observed with other tested RGS proteins.
  • This novel inhibitory function of RGS2 maps to a specific 37-amino acid region within its RGS domain.
  • RGS2 interferes with the eIF2-eIF2B GTPase cycle essential for translation initiation.

Conclusions:

  • RGS2 possesses a novel function in controlling protein synthesis.
  • This function is independent of RGS2's established role in regulating G protein-mediated signals.
  • RGS2's inhibition of translation initiation offers new insights into cellular regulatory mechanisms.