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Related Concept Videos

Altruism01:03

Altruism

Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Altruistic functions for selfish DNA.

Geoffrey J Faulkner1, Piero Carninci

  • 1Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland, UK. geoff.faulkner@roslin.ed.ac.uk

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|September 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs), once deemed "junk DNA," actively generate RNA in eukaryotic cells. This transcription plays crucial roles in regulating gene expression, challenging the old "selfish DNA" view.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes contain 30-50% transposable elements (TEs), often considered non-functional fragments.
  • Historically, TEs were viewed as

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of TE-derived RNA generation mechanisms.
  • Examination of TE roles in gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • TEs generate substantial amounts of RNA across eukaryotic cells using novel promoters.
  • TE-derived RNAs regulate protein-coding gene expression.
  • TEs contribute to gene regulation through alternative promoters, non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • TEs are not merely