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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Testing Analyzer for Measuring Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Testing Analyzer for Measuring Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Published on: March 22, 2022

Reference values: a review.

Anne Geffré¹, Kristen Friedrichs, Kendal Harr

¹Département des Sciences Cliniques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. a.geffre@envt.fr

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|September 10, 2009

Summary

Reference intervals (RIs) define normal ranges for healthy individuals, typically using 95% of population data. Establishing accurate RIs, especially with limited data, presents challenges in veterinary clinical pathology.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Testing Analyzer for Measuring Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Testing Analyzer for Measuring Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Published on: March 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Clinical Pathology
Biostatistics
Veterinary Medicine

Background:

Reference values describe data dispersion in healthy populations.
Population-based reference intervals (RIs) typically encompass 95% of healthy individuals.
International guidelines recommend nonparametric determination with at least 120 individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the critical steps and challenges in establishing reference intervals.
To address the difficulties in veterinary clinical pathology, particularly with small sample sizes.

Main Methods:

Preferred method: a priori nonparametric determination from ≥120 reference individuals.
Alternative methods: transference or validation of existing RIs.
Critical steps: rigorous selection of reference individuals and quality-controlled analytical procedures.

Main Results:

Accurate RI determination relies on strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality control.
Estimating RIs with limited data can lead to imprecise reference limits.
Current recommendations pose challenges for veterinary clinical pathology.

Conclusions:

Establishing robust reference intervals requires careful methodology and sufficient data.
The precision of reference limits is compromised when using small datasets.
Veterinary clinical pathology faces significant hurdles in implementing international RI guidelines.