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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
Published on: September 20, 2019
Centrosomes and myeloma; aneuploidy and proliferation
1Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
|September 10, 2009
Summary
Multiple myeloma, a common blood cancer, involves abnormal plasma cells with unstable genomes. Centrosome amplification, found in a third of patients, may drive this genomic instability and indicate a poor prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Hematological oncology
- Cancer genomics
- Cell biology
Background:
- Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in the U.S.
- Characterized by clonal plasma cell accumulation, it presents with anemia, bone lesions, hypercalcemia, or renal issues.
- Malignant plasma cells exhibit extreme genomic instability, aneuploidy, and complex chromosomal abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of centrosome amplification in multiple myeloma.
- To understand the etiology of genomic instability in multiple myeloma.
- To explore potential therapeutic targets related to centrosome amplification.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of patient data for centrosome amplification prevalence.
- Correlation of centrosome amplification with clinical features and prognosis.
- Investigation of potential mechanisms linking centrosome amplification to genomic instability.
Main Results:
- Centrosome amplification is present in approximately one-third of multiple myeloma cases.
- Centrosome amplification is associated with high-risk disease features and a poor prognosis.
- Centrosome amplification may serve as a mechanism driving genomic instability in multiple myeloma.
Conclusions:
- Centrosome amplification is a significant factor in multiple myeloma pathogenesis.
- Understanding the causes of centrosome amplification could reveal new therapeutic strategies.
- Targeting centrosome amplification may offer novel treatment avenues for high-risk multiple myeloma.
Related Concept Videos
02:25Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
02:25Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
01:13Centrioles and Centrosomes
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
01:21Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
01:29Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...