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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...

Body Temperature

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Published on: December 16, 2022

Deep brain hyperthermia while rewarming from hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Gabriel Amir¹, Chandra Ramamoorthy, R Kirk Riemer

¹Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pediatric Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. GabrielA@clalit.org.il

Journal of Cardiac Surgery

|September 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain temperatures can be higher than core temperatures during rewarming after cardiopulmonary bypass. Monitoring nasopharyngeal temperature is crucial to prevent neurologic injury.

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Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

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Published on: December 16, 2022

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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In vitro Assessment of Myocardial Protection following Hypothermia-Preconditioning in a Human Cardiac Myocytes Model

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Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Neuroscience
Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

Neurologic injury is a significant complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).
Postoperative hyperthermia can exacerbate postischemic neurologic injury.
Core temperature monitoring during CPB may not accurately reflect brain temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypothesis that deep brain temperature (DBT) differs from core temperature during CPB with DHCA.
To investigate temperature variations during cooling, DHCA, and rewarming phases.

Main Methods:

Neonatal piglets underwent CPB, cooling to 18°C, 30 minutes of DHCA, and rewarming to 36.5°C.
Temperature probes were placed in deep brain nuclei (caudate, thalamus) and extradurally.
Rectal (RT), nasopharyngeal (NPT), and tympanic (TT) temperatures were recorded.

Main Results:

Deep brain cooled faster and to lower temperatures than RT and TT during the cooling phase.
Nasopharyngeal temperature accurately reflected deep brain temperature.
Deep brain temperature was significantly higher than RT and TT during rewarming.

Conclusions:

Deep brain hyperthermia commonly occurs during late rewarming after DHCA.
Nasopharyngeal temperature accurately reflects DBT and correlates with inflow temperature.
Inflow temperatures should not exceed 36°C during rewarming, with close NPT monitoring.