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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Post-translational modifications in circadian rhythms.

Arun Mehra1, Christopher L Baker, Jennifer J Loros

  • 1Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|September 11, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in circadian biology reveal how post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for molecular clockworks. This review explores PTMs

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Area of Science:

  • Circadian Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The study of circadian rhythms, or internal biological clocks, has accelerated.
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of these rhythms.
  • PTMs play critical roles in both essential clock functions and fine-tuning regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the field of post-translational modifications (PTMs) within circadian biology.
  • To synthesize emerging themes and highlight novel findings regarding PTMs in molecular clockworks.
  • To focus on PTMs impacting the core functions of eukaryotic circadian clocks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on circadian PTMs.
  • Analysis of PTMs in model organisms like Neurospora crassa, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify common regulatory principles and novel discoveries.

Main Results:

  • PTMs significantly impact nearly all facets of circadian clock operation.
  • Specific PTMs are essential for fundamental clockwork mechanisms.
  • PTMs provide sophisticated layers of regulatory control, fine-tuning clock output.
  • Emerging themes highlight the diverse roles of PTMs across different eukaryotic systems.

Conclusions:

  • Post-translational modifications are central to the function and regulation of circadian clocks.
  • Understanding PTMs is critical for deciphering the complexity of molecular clockworks.
  • Further research into PTMs promises to uncover new insights into biological timing and its regulation.