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Related Concept Videos

Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), remaining relatively stable...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT
10:30

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

Published on: April 1, 2019

Adiposity and human regional body temperature.

David M Savastano1, Alexander M Gorbach, Henry S Eden

  • 1Unit on Growth and Obesity, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Obese adults have higher hand temperatures to dissipate heat due to insulating fat, helping maintain normal body temperature. This study investigated heat regulation in obesity.

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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans

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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

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Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT
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Published on: April 1, 2019

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
08:16

Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Thermoregulation
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Human obesity increases heat production but also impedes heat loss via subcutaneous fat insulation.
  • Obese individuals must enhance heat dissipation to maintain normothermia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if hand temperature, a heat-dissipating region, is elevated in obese adults.
  • Investigate thermoregulation differences between obese and normal-weight individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Compared obese (BMI ≥ 30) and normal-weight (NW, BMI 18-25) adults at rest under thermoneutral conditions.
  • Measured core body temperature via telemetric capsules.
  • Assessed hand fingernail bed and abdominal skin temperatures using infrared thermography and thermistors.

Main Results:

  • Core body temperature did not differ significantly between groups.
  • Obese subjects had significantly higher fingernail bed temperatures (33.9°C vs. 28.6°C).
  • Obese subjects exhibited lower abdominal skin temperatures, suggesting insulation by adipose tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Increased subcutaneous abdominal fat in obese adults may insulate, blunting heat transfer.
  • Elevated heat release from hands might compensate for heat retention, aiding normothermia in obesity.
  • Findings suggest a compensatory mechanism for heat balance in obese individuals.